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Pay Attention to Bleeding Gums: Identifying and Treating Gum Recession
Gingival recession, or receding gums, is the gradual loss of gum tissue that can lead to tooth root exposure if not addressed. While it is most common in adults over 40, the process can start as early as the teenage years.
Gum recession can be difficult to self-diagnose in its earlier stages because the changes often occur asymptomatically and gradually. Regular dental check ups will help to prevent gum recession and assess risk factors.
The following symptoms may be indicative of gum recession:
- Tooth Sensitivity – As the gums recede and expose the cementum covering the tooth root, the underlying dentin tubules become more vulnerable to external stimuli.
Exposed Roots – This is a key sign of advanced gum recession. - Longer-looking teeth – People with gingival recession often have a "toothy" smile. While the teeth themselves are of normal length, the loss of gum tissue makes them appear longer.
- Halitosis, inflammation, and bleeding – These are common signs of gingivitis or periodontal disease. A bacterial infection leads to gum recession and, if left untreated, can result in tooth loss.
Factors Contributing to Gum Recession
Gum recession is a common issue that dentists diagnose and treat regularly. A thorough examination of the affected areas is crucial to accurately identify the underlying cause. Once the cause is determined, both surgical and non-surgical treatments can be implemented to stop the progression of the recession and prevent it from recurring.
The primary causes of gingival recession include:
- Aggressive brushing – Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can be just as harmful to the gums as brushing too softly. It can wear down tooth enamel along the gum line and irritate or inflame the gum tissue.
- Inadequate oral hygiene – Improper brushing and flossing, or neglecting to do so altogether, can lead to plaque buildup on the teeth. This plaque contains bacterial toxins that can cause infections and damage the underlying jawbone.
- Chewing tobacco – Tobacco use, especially chewing tobacco, has harmful effects on the entire mouth. It irritates the gum tissue and, with continued use, can lead to gum recession.
- Periodontal disease – Periodontal disease can result from poor oral hygiene or be triggered by systemic conditions like diabetes. The increased sugar levels in the mouth and narrowed blood vessels in diabetics create an ideal environment for harmful oral bacteria. These bacteria cause infections that gradually spread deeper into the gums and bone tissue, often leading to tooth loss.
Gum Recession Treatment
Since each case of gum recession is unique, various treatments are available. The underlying cause of the recession must be addressed first.
If aggressive brushing is contributing to the gum erosion, switching to a softer toothbrush and adopting a gentler brushing technique is recommended. For poor oral hygiene, a professional cleaning (prophylaxis) may be suggested to remove debris and bacteria from the gum pockets. In cases of significant tartar (calculus) buildup, scaling and root planing will be performed to reduce gingival inflammation and clean the teeth.
Once the underlying cause of the gum recession is treated, more cosmetic or restorative procedures may be recommended. Gum tissue regeneration and gum grafting are effective methods for restoring the natural contour of the gums and enhancing the appearance of the smile.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding periodontal disease, treatments, or gum recession, feel free to contact our office.